Knowledge Base

ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

Knowledge Base

title: "ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)"

ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)

Key Facts

ARDS is an acute inflammatory lung injury causing non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and severe hypoxaemia.

Ventilate with low tidal volume (6 mL/kg predicted body weight) and keep plateau pressure <30 cmH₂O.

Source: ARDSNet lung-protective ventilation / local ICU protocol.

Overview

This article covers definition, severity, and core ventilator principles.

Definition (Berlin)

ARDS causes diffuse bilateral lung injury - 'whiteout' on imaging
  • Onset within 1 week of a clinical insult
  • Bilateral opacities on imaging
  • Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure/fluid overload
  • Severity by PaO₂/FiO₂ (with PEEP/CPAP ≥5 cmH₂O)

Core management principles

  • Treat the cause (sepsis, pneumonia, aspiration)
  • Lung-protective ventilation (low tidal volume)
  • Consider prone positioning for moderate–severe ARDS

Sources

  • CC Bible

Test Your Knowledge

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Related Topics

See also: Mechanical Ventilation Basics, Respiratory Failure: Type 1 & Type 2, Sepsis & Septic Shock